The Value of Serum HMGB1 and sRAGE in the Diagnosis, Efficacy Monitoring and Prognosis of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in the diagnosis, efficacy monitoring and prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients.@*METHODS@#Fifty newly diagnosed MM patients before and after chemotherapy and 50 hematological outpatients from October 2018 to May 2020 were selected. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum HMGB1 and sRAGE levels of the patients. ROC was used to further analyze the efficacy of serum HMGB1 and sRAGE levels on the diagnosis of MM. At the same time, the serum levels of HMGB1 and sRAGE before and after chemotherapy were compared, and their values in the evaluation of curative effect of MM patients were analyzed. According to the mean values of serum HMGB1 and sRAGE, all the patients were divided into different groups, the clinical characteristics and survival status of the patients were compared.@*RESULTS@#Before treatment the serum HMGB1 level of the patients in MM group was higher than that in control group, while sRAGE level was lower (t=11.363,6.127, P<0.001). The AUC of serum HMGB1 and sRAGE in the MM patients was 0.955 and 0.811, respectively. After 3 courses of chemotherapy, HMGB1 level of the patients in CR group was lower than before chemotherapy, while in PD group was higher, as well as sRAGE level of the patients in PR group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in R-ISS stage, HGB, CRP, ESR, CD56, CD117, D13S319 deletion between HMGB1 high expression group and HMGB1 low expression group (χ2=3.920, 6.522, 6.65, 4.16, 3.945, 6.65, 4.16, P<0.05), while there were significant differences in ISS stage, CRP and CD56 between sRAGE low expression group (28 cases) and sRAGE high expression group (22 cases) (χ2=4.565, 4.711, 5.547, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients in HMGB1 low expression group had better survival condition, for PFS Tlow>Thigh (χ2=9.470, P<0.05), and for OS Tlow>Thigh (χ2=7.808, P<0.05); there was no difference in the survival of sRAGE high expression group and low expression group, for PFS Tlow<Thigh (χ2=1.661, P>0.05), and for OS Tlow<Thigh (χ2=2.048, P>0.05). Cox analysis showed that LDH and HMGB1 were the factors affecting the prognosis of the patients, and both of them affected PFS (HR=2.771, 95% CI: 1.002-7.662, P=0.049; HR=6.022, 95% CI: 1.689-21.470, P=0.006), while HMGB1 also affected OS (HR=4.275, 95% CI: 1.183-15.451, P=0.027).@*CONCLUSION@#The serum HMGB1 and sRAGE have certain auxiliary value for the diagnosis and curative effect monitoring of newly diagnosed MM patients, and serum HMGB1 is expected to be an auxiliary detection index for the prognosis of MM.

Intrafollicular Soluble RAGE Benefits Embryo Development and Predicts Clinical Pregnancy in Infertile Patients of Advanced Maternal Age Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) can decoy the toxic AGEs and is considered to be a protective factor.This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between intrafollicular sRAGE levels and clinical outcomes in infertile women of young or advanced maternal age (AMA) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).A total of 62 young women and 62 AMA women who would undergo IVF were included in this prospective study.The intrafollicular sRAGE concentration was measured to determine its association with the number of retrieved oocytes,fertilized oocytes,high-quality embryos or achievement of clinical pregnancy in young and AMA women,respectively.Besides,correlations between sRAGE and age or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were examined.We found that the intrafollicular sRAGE levels were higher in young patients than those in AMA patients,suggesting that the sRAGE levels were inversely correlated with age.In young patients,sRAGE showed no correlation with the number of retrieved oocytes,fertilized oocytes,high-quality embryos or achievement of clinical pregnancy.But it was found that AMA patients with more retrieved oocytes,fertilized oocytes and high-quality embryos demonstrated higher sRAGE levels,which were a prognostic factor for getting clinical pregnancy independent of age or FSH level.In conclusion,the sRAGE levels decrease with age.Elevated intrafollicular sRAGE levels indicate good follicular growth,fertilization and embryonic development,and successful clinical pregnancy in AMA women,while in young women,the role of sRAGE may not be so predominant.

Ethnic disparity in inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference and its determinants among Asians with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#<p><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> An inter-arm difference in systolic blood pressure (IADSBP) of 10 mmHg or more has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality in T2DM patients. We aim to study ethnic disparity in IADSBP and its determinants in a multi-ethnic T2DM Asian cohort.<br /><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> Bilateral blood pressures were collected sequentially in Chinese (n=654), Malays (n=266) and Indians (n=313). IADSBP was analyzed as categories (<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Malays (27.4%) and Indians (22.4%) had higher prevalence of IADSBP ?10 mmHg than Chinese (17.4%) (p=0.002). After adjustment for age, gender, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index (BMI), heart rate, pulse wave velocity (PWV), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), smoking, hypertension, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and usage of hypertension medications, ethnicity remained associated with IADSBP. While Malays were more likely to have IADSBP ?10 mmHg than Chinese (OR=1.648, 95%CI: 1.138-2.400, p=0.009), Indians had comparable odds with the Chinese. BMI (OR=1.054, 95%CI: 1.022-1.087, p=0.001) and hypertension (OR=2.529, 95%CI: 1.811-3.533, p<0.001) were also associated with IADSBP ?10 mmHg.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> IADSBP in Malays were more likely to be ?10 mmHg than the Chinese which may explain their higher risk for CVD and mortality. Measuring bilateral blood pressures may identify high-risk T2DM individuals for intensive risk factor-management.</p>

Analysis of serum AGEs and sRAGE levels in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To understand the serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were chosen from 2010 September to 2011 December in Department of Endocrinology Changshou Chinese medicine hospital in Jiangsu Province,and 30 healthy people were screened as control group.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were detected,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs and sRAGE levels.Results The levels of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (1379.2 ± 431.8) and (1154.5 ±326.4) pg/ml,and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The levels of serum sRAGE in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (14.6± 9.3)and (19.5 ± 8.9)ng/ml,and there were also significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The level of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was positive correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),and the level of serum sRAGE was associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) negative correlation.Conclusion The level of serum AGEs increase in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,and the level of serum sRAGE decrease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Study on the effect of astragalus on serum AGEs, sRAGE levels with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To understand the effect of astragalus on serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into control group (28 patients) and treatment group (28 patients),the control group was given control of blood glucose,blood pressure,lipids and other necessary treatment,and the treatment group was additionally treated with astmgalus granule based on the control group.The course for both treatments is 12 weeks.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were tested before and after treatment in both groups with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs,sRAGE levels.Results ① Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the control group after treatment (7.28± 0.83)％ was significantly decreased than before treatment (9.57±1.14) ％,the difference was statistically significant (t＝5.75,P＜0.05); glycerin three greases (TG) in the control group after the treatment (1.45± 0.39)mmol/L decreased significantly compared with those before treatment (1.92± 1.01)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant(t＝2.79,P＜0.05); ② HbA1c (7.16± 0.88) ％ in the treatment group after treatment was significantly decreased than before treatment (9.29± 1.62)％,the difference was statistically significant (t＝6.08,P＜0.05) ; TG (1.53 ± 0.41) mmol/L in the treatment group after treatment was significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (2.11 ± 0.79)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant (t ＝ 2.40,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of serum sRAGE (20.38 ± 8.01) ng/ml in the treatment group after treatment increased obviously compared with those before treatment (15.10 ± 9.22)ng/ml,the difference was statistically significant (t＝-2.29,P＜0.05); ③ The level of serum sRAGE (20.38 ± 8.01) ng/ml in the treatment group after treatment increased obviously than the levels of serum sRAGE (15.13 ± 9.27)ng/ml in the control group after treatment,the difference was statistically significant (t＝-1.17,P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragali can increase serum sRAGE expression in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Levels of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Acute Ischemic Stroke without a Source of Cardioembolism

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are associated with three conventional vascular risk factors (3Fs: diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia), nondiabetic coronary artery disease, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the association between sRAGE and acute ischemic stroke (AS), especially AS without a source of cardioembolism, has not yet been established. Methods: Patients with AS without a source of cardioembolism (n=259) and age-matched controls (n=300) were grouped according to the presence of 3Fs: AS patients with and without 3Fs (3Fs+ AS and 3Fs- AS, respectively) and controls with and without 3Fs (3Fs+ control and 3Fs- control, respectively). Levels of sRAGE were analyzed among the four groups. RESULTS: sRAGE was significantly higher in the controls than in the AS patients (855 pg/mL vs. 690 pg/mL, p<0.01). sRAGE was significantly higher in 3Fs- controls (996 pg/mL, p<0.05) than in 3Fs+ controls (721 pg/mL), and in AS group regardless of the 3Fs (629 pg/mL in 3Fs- and 705 pg/mL in 3Fs+). The lowest tertile of sRAGE was associated with an increased risk of AS in the 3Fs- group [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-10.3, p<0.01] but not in the 3Fs+ group. The level of sRAGE was also correlated with neurological severity in the 3Fs- AS group (r=-0.32, p<0.05) but not in the 3Fs+ AS group. CONCLUSIONS: Low plasma levels of sRAGE is a potential biomarker for the risk of AS and may reflect the neurological severity of the condition, especially in subjects without identifiable conventional risk factors.